Estudio de las propiedades f?sico-mec?nicas de la especie Simarouba amara Aubl procedente del Bajo Calima, Buenaventura.

74 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste estudio proporciona informaci?n pertinente sobre las propiedades f?sico-mec?nicas y usos posibles de la especie Simarouba amara Aubl procedente de la regi?n sur del litoral pac?fico colombiano. Se realizaron nueve pruebas diferentes, dos f?sicas y siete mec?nicas, con 30 probetas por ensayo, para un total de 270 probetas. Las dimensiones de las probetas y los procedimientos de los ensayos se basaron en la Norma T?cnica Colombiana. Para las propiedades f?sicas se determin? la densidad, contracciones transversales y longitudinales en los tres contenidos de humedad: verde, seca al aire y seca al horno. La densidad seca al aire arroj? un valor promedio de 0,45 g/cm2, clasific?ndola como bajo seg?n la norma ASTM; la contracci?n volum?trica normal fue peque?a (9,09 %) seg?n la norma DIN; y la relaci?n entre la contracci?n tangencial y radial tanto normal como total fueron moderadamente estables (2,14 y 1,81) seg?n la norman DIN. Para las pruebas mec?nicas, los valores se clasificaron seg?n la norma ASTM. El Esfuerzo en el Limite Proporcional para la flexi?n y la compresi?n paralela fue mediano (597 y 333 kg/cm2) al igual que el Modulo de Elasticidad (103 y 21.195 kg/cm2); mientras que para la compresi?n perpendicular el Esfuerzo en el L?mite Proporcional fue bajo (70 kg/cm2). La dureza, el cizallamiento y la extracci?n de clavos presentaron valores bajos. De acuerdo con los resultados de las propiedades f?sicas y mec?nicas de la madera de Simaruba amara Aubl. los usos posibles que se recomiendan para esta son: carpinter?a de obra y construcciones livianas. Otros usos posibles son para cerillas, juguetes, etc. Palabras claves: Simarouba amara Aubl, Pac?fico Colombiano, Propiedades f?sicas y mec?nicas, Usos de la madera.This study provides valuable information on the physico-mechanical properties and potential uses of the specie Simarouba amara Aubl from the southern region of the Colombian Pacific coast. Nine different test were performed, two physical and seven mechanical, with 30 test specimens, for a total of 270 specimens. The dimensions of the specimens and testing procedures were based on Colombian Technical Standard. For the physical properties density, transverse and longitudinal contractions are determined in the three moisture contents: green, air dried and oven dried. The dry air density is an average value of 0.45 g/cm2, classifying it as low according to the ware ASTM; normal volumetric contraction was small (9.09%) pursuant DIN standard; and the relationship between the tangential and radial contraction so much normal as total was moderately stable (2,14 and 1,81) in agreement with DIN standard. For mechanical test, the values were classified pursuant to ASTM standard. The effort in the limit determined for flexion and compression parallel was medium (597 and 333 kg/cm2), just like elastic modulus (103 and 21.195 kg/cm2); while for perpendicular compression was low (70 kg/cm2). The hardness, shear and nail pull had low values. According to the results of the physical and mechanical properties of wood Simaruba love Aubl properties. the possible uses that are recommended for this are: joinery and light construction . Other possible uses are for matches , toys, etc. Keywords: Simarouba amara Aubl, Colombian Pacific, physical and mechanical properties of wood and Uses of wood

APROVECHAMIENTO Y TRANSFORMACIÓN DE LA MADERS

Comité científico del simposioDirectorLuis Fernando Osorio Vélez, Ph.D.Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. Colombia.Aprovechamiento y transformación de la maderaJulio Cesar Bermúdez, M.Sc. Universidad del Tolima. Colombia

Técnica no destructiva basada en tomografía acústica para la identificación de defectos internos en árboles

The present work shows the application of a non-destructive technique as a method for the identification of internal defects in marupa trees (Simarouba amara Aubl.) Located in forest plantations in the Ucayali region. This technique contemplated the use of an acoustic tomograph (ArborSonic 3D) that allowed obtaining tomograms that made it possible to analyze the cross section of the evaluated trees, showing the internal state of their shafts taken at different heights (0 cm, 40 cm, 90 cm, 130 cm and 160 cm). The results obtained made it possible to identify that the marupa trees did not present significant internal defects along their stems and damage was only reported at the base level at 0 cm from the ground. These results show the potential of using this non-destructive technique in forest plantations, thus contributing to the need to characterize standing wood, especially for commercial plantations.El presente trabajo muestra la aplicación de una técnica no destructiva como método para la identificación de defectos internos en árboles de marupa (Simarouba amara Aubl.) ubicados en plantaciones forestales en la región Ucayali. Esta técnica contempló el uso de un tomógrafo acústico (ArborSonic 3D) que permitió la obtención de tomogramas que hicieron posible analizar la sección transversal de los árboles evaluados, mostrando el estado interno de sus fustes tomados a diferentes alturas (0 cm, 40 cm, 90 cm, 130 cm y 160 cm). Los resultados obtenidos permitieron identificar que los árboles de marupa no presentan defectos internos significativos a lo largo de sus fustes y sólo se reportaron daños a nivel de la base a 0 cm del suelo. Estos resultados muestran el potencial de empleo de esta técnica no destructiva en plantaciones forestales, aportando de este modo a la necesidad de caracterizar la madera en pie en especial para plantaciones con fines comerciales

Dipterocarps protected by Jering local wisdom in Jering Menduyung Nature Recreational Park, Bangka Island, Indonesia

Apart of the oil palm plantation expansion, the Jering Menduyung Nature Recreational Park has relatively diverse plants. The 3,538 ha park is located at the north west of Bangka Island, Indonesia. The minimum species-area curve was 0.82 ha which is just below Dalil conservation forest that is 1.2 ha, but it is much higher than measurements of several secondary forests in the Island that are 0.2 ha. The plot is inhabited by more than 50 plant species. Of 22 tree species, there are 40 individual poles with the average diameter of 15.3 cm, and 64 individual trees with the average diameter of 48.9 cm. The density of Dipterocarpus grandiflorus (Blanco) Blanco or kruing, is 20.7 individual/ha with the diameter ranges of 12.1 – 212.7 cm or with the average diameter of 69.0 cm. The relatively intact park is supported by the local wisdom of Jering tribe, one of indigenous tribes in the island. People has regulated in cutting trees especially in the cape. The conservation agency designates the park as one of the kruing propagules sources in the province. The growing oil palm plantation and the less adoption of local wisdom among the youth is a challenge to forest conservation in the province where tin mining activities have been the economic driver for decades. More socialization from the conservation agency and the involvement of university students in raising environmental awareness is important to be done